Background and Study Aims: Fencing was investigated in the specialised literature as being part of striking combat sports. The purpose of this study is knowledge about the dominant areas of the brain of fencing athletes according to weapon, gender, and sports performances. Materials and Methods: Forty-one competitive Romanian fencers, 23 female and 18 male athletes (Mage = 23.2), took part in the study. The Brain Dominance Questionnaire was used, adapted by Roco (2004) after the Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument (HBDI). The questionnaire items are arranged in four sections corresponding to the four brain quadrants proposed by Herrmann (who pioneered the Whole Brain Thinking approach): upper and lower left quadrants of the brain (ULQ and LLQ), respectively upper and lower right sectors (URQ and LRQ). Results: Fencers with international results use less the upper right quadrant of the brain than fencers having local/regional results, being, therefore, less involved in risky activities, and operating less outside the rules/norms. After applying the Kruskal-Wallis test no significant differences were found between the three groups of athletes, according to the weapon used: foil, épée or sabre. However, regardless of the weapon, fencers are organised, planned individuals who establish procedures and take preventive measures (aspects specific to LLQ), are better at analytical activities and prefer to solve problems through reasoning and logic (aspects specific to ULQ), using more the left hemisphere. Also, fencers in foil are using more the upper right quadrant of the brain (URQ), comparing to fencers who use sabre or épée, using thus imagination more to solve game situations. Gender-related findings were discussed, female fencers using more the lower right quadrant, being more sensitive persons, who like more to be supportive in social interactions. Conclusions: Fencers, having both high level performances and without outstanding sport results use (slightly more) the left hemisphere (compared to the right hemisphere). Fencers, whether they use the sabre, épée or foil, predominantly use the upper left quadrant of the brain and the lower left sector. Considering the differences by gender, a more integrated use of both cerebral hemispheres was observed in female fencers.
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