Key Points - A range of kinematic and kinanthropometric parameters are strongly correlated with undulatory underwater velocity; however, foot resultant acceleration, kick frequency, kick amplitude, vertical toe velocity and knee angular velocity appear to be the greatest predictors of high UUS velocity. - Swimmers should perform the glide at approximately 0.4 m underwater at all velocities above 1.9 ms-1 to gain maximum drag reduction benefits, where a 15-18 % reduction in underwater total drag was found when compared to swimming at the surface. - An athlete`s optimal movement combination when performing undulatory underwater swimming may be different to others, as each swimmer needs to exploit their own organism constraints to maximise propulsive impulse while simultaneously reducing drag in response to the task and environmental constraints.
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