Key Points - Stroke kinematics (stroke rate, stroke length) and temporal patterns vary between 100 and 200 m events, and between male and female athletes. The 100 m event is typically characterised by higher stroke rate, lower stroke length, increased time spent in propulsive phases and a reduction in time spent in glide phases when compared to the 200 m event. Male swimmers typically have a higher stroke length, spend longer in propulsive phases and less time in the arm glide phase when compared to female swimmers of the same experience level. - Use of small samples and the infrequency of studies that have investigated neuromuscular patterns, pacing strategies and kinetics in elite breaststroke populations limit the generalisability of existing findings. Further research in these areas is required to support current understanding.
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