Introduction: Synchronized swimming is a sport that demands high cardiopulmonary capacity from the athletes, physical conditioning, excellent swimming, and aerobic metabolism preparation. Long-term exposure to cold air is a key factor that affects lung function, affecting the athlete`s performance in synchronized swimming. This exposure can lead to inflammation of the athletes` airways, although few studies have analyzed the changes in cardiorespiratory conditioning during competition. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of synchronized swimming athletes` cardiopulmonary function on competition performance in cold air environments. Methods: This paper selects volunteer swimmers for the research. Ventilation tests are performed to collect data and to analyze the effect of training on cardiorespiratory conditioning during swimming. Results: There were significant differences in small airway function, generally defined as airways with caliber < 2 mm internal diameter, without cartilage, values measured among synchronized swimmers (P<0.05). There were significant differences in forced vital capacity, and one-second forced expiratory rate between synchronized swimmers (P<0.05). Conclusion: Synchronized swimmers may have their small airway function impaired due to the inherent characteristics of the sport.
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