BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal injuries (MI) are common; however, the causes of these injuries have not been fully elucidated yet. The objective of this investigation was to verify the prevalence of injuries associated to the training methodology in runners from the Brazilian elite participating in the national selection at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro. METHODS: Fifty-one runners experts in the background tests of both sexes (31 men and 20 women) aged 26.07±6.07 years, body mass 57.36±6.22 kg and with 10.9±5.13 years of training experience were submitted to a survey according to the main injuries and training methodology. RESULTS: The prevalence of MI was 59% direct in grade II: 47% inflammation/tendonitis; 30% muscle strain; 8% soft parts/meniscus knee ligaments, tibia stress fracture; And Indirect 8% sprain/joint at the ankle and 5% contusion/trauma. Inferential analysis determined that athletes with injuries have a higher continuous running frequency (P=0.040) and that there is an association between the use of traditional footwear (P<0.001) and the overpronation step (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The injuries in runners of the Brazilian elite occurred directly and indirectly, reaching grade II exclusively in the lower members and are associated with the continuous running frequency, running shoes and the way of stepping.
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