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International-level swimmers periodize their training to qualify for major championships, then improve further at these events. However the effects of various factors that could impact on performance progressions have not been described systematically. PURPOSE: To quantify the pattern of change in performance between season best qualifying time and the major championshipsof the year, and assess the influence of time between performance peaks, ranking at the major events, stroke, event distance, sex, age, and country. METHODS: A total of 7,832 official competition times recorded at 4 FINA World Championships and 2 Olympic Games between 2011 and 2017 were compared with each swimmer`s season best time prior to the major event of the year. Percentage change in performance was related with the time elapsed between season best and major competition, race event, sex, age and country using linear mixed modelling. RESULTS: Faster performance (-0.79±0.67%; mean ± SD) at the major competition of the year occurred in 38% of all observations vs. 62% no change or regression (1.10±0.88%). The timing between performance peaks (<34 to >130 days) had little effect on performance progressions (P=0.83). Only medal winners (-0.87±0.91%), finalists (-0.16±0.97%), and U.S.A. swimmers (-0.44±1.08%) progressed between competitions. Stroke, event distance, sex and age had trivial impact on performance progression. CONCLUSIONS: Performance progressions at Olympic Games and World Championships were not determined by timing between performance peaks. Performance progression at a major competition appears necessary to win a medal or make the final, independent of race event, sex andage. Abstract from author
© Copyright 2019 International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.