Introduction: The aim of the study was analyzing the technical characteristic of Chinese elite female 100m backstroke swimmers. Methods: Recording female 100m backstroke finals of 2014, 2015, 2016 Chinese Championships by 6 cameras and analyzed the kinematics parameters of top 8 female swimmers` 4 phases (start, swim, turning, sprint) by Swim Race Microsoft and SPSS Microsoft. Results: The average speed of dolphin-kick in start phase of the women`s 100m backstroke final swimmers from 2014 to 2016 Chinese Championships was 2.50±0.22m/s and there were significant differences among them (p=0.023,0.034,0.013<0.05). In swim phase, the average stroke frequency of top 8 swimmers from 2014 to 2016 was 45.35±2.21 strokes within a minute, showing significant differences (p=0.017,0.029,0.0140.05), and the average range of the stroke was 2.06±0.11 meters per stroke, showing significant differences (p=0.007,0.004,0.0180.05). In turning phase, the average turning time (5m before the wall and 10m after the turning) of top 8 swimmers from 2014 to 2016 was 8.61±0.16m/s, showing significant differences (p=0.034, 0.022, 0.0160.05). In sprint phase, the average speed of last 5m of top 8 swimmers from 2014 to 2016 was 1.62±0.07m/s, and there were no significant differences among them (p=0.765, 0.273, 0.090>0.05). Conclusion: Start phase: The Chinese elite female 100m backstroke swimmer's dolphin kick have been improved. Swim phase: The data shows that Chinese elite female 100m backstroke swimmers have the technical characteristics of reducing the frequency of the stroke and increasing the range of the stroke. Swimmers' body position is higher and in the process of rotation from the hip joint, driving the body and shoulder rotation, the arm come out of the water in the end. About breathing, the breathing frequency of swimmer was about 3-4 strokes (single arm rowing) to breathe once. Turning phase: Compared to 2014 Chinese championship, the top 8 swimmers of female 100m backstroke use less time of turning in 2016.The speed of the swimmers` 5m before turning had a small increase, and the speed of the swimmers to speed up to the edge is better. When the body turns, the leg will have a small dolphin kick movement. Sprint phase: When the swimmers touch the wall, the side arm of the wall throws out of the water. At the same time, the swimmer works with the waist, and the head backs up, forming the body position of the back bow, touching the wall to the side.
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