Elite athletism high demanding and extensive literature, aiming to delineate the interplay between metabolic, genetic and immune responses is missing in detail. Our laboratory has been working on the molecular mechanisms that govern adaptations in exercise for more than 10 years. We have published more than 35 papers on this subject and we have gained extensive experience studying elite athletes of various sports. We have developed a program of following up the athlete all the year, consisting from five groups of biomarkers. These biomarkers are a) the classical biochemical parameters, b) hormones like glucagon, insulin,C-peptide, adiponectin, somatomedin-C that regulate energy stores, c) oxidative stress markers like ratio of GSH/GSSG, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, catalase and antioxidant capacity, which affected by either ischemia/reperfusion phenomenon or aerobic load and could be detrimental in metabolic equilibrium, d) immune related cytokines like IL-6 and IL-10, that are associated with susceptibility to infections in elite athletes that spend hours in hard training every day and e) genotyping in FTO, MC4R, TMEM 18, CTNNBL1, SH2B1 / ATP2A1, NEGR1, MAF, MTCH2 and KCTD15 genes that regulate metabolic adaptations in elite athletes. Studying these markers in various time points during the year we can effectively regulate bodily function and diminish metabolic factors that are detrimental in athletic performance. Application in elite athletes and how the nutrigenomic intervention can regulate athletic performance to the maximum in swimmers and water polo players will be presented.
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