Wave drag in front crawl swimming

When swimming at the surface, swimmers will experience wave drag. It is observed that above a certain speed, wave height grows rapidly with further speed increase, suggesting that wave drag cannot be neglected at high speed. Therefore, the magnitude of this component of total drag was estimated. Total drag was decomposed in 2 parts; wave- and pressure drag. Assuming wave drag to be negligible below 1.6 m•s-1, the velocity dependence of pressure drag was assessed by drag determinations at speeds below 1.6 m•s -1. By subtracting the estimated pressure drag from total drag values measured at higher speeds, wave drag was estimated. At a mean speed of 1.89 m•s -1, mean wave drag was 11.5 N, amounting to 12.1 % of total drag. These results underline the importance of reducing wave drag by diving under the surface after start and turns.
© Copyright 2003 ISBS - Conference Proceedings Archive (Konstanz). Springer. Published by University of Extremadura. All rights reserved.

Bibliographic Details
Subjects:
Notations:endurance sports technical and natural sciences
Published in:ISBS - Conference Proceedings Archive (Konstanz)
Language:English
Published: Casceres University of Extremadura 2003
Online Access:https://ojs.ub.uni-konstanz.de/cpa/article/view/684
Volume:20
Pages:279-282
Document types:research paper
Level:advanced