u.a. mit Verweisen auf folgende Publikationen Biomechanics of swimming: underwater motion analysis Kwon, Y.-H. (2000). Proceedings of the 2000 Seoul International Sport Science Congress (pp. 943-955), Seoul: Korean Alliance for Physical Education, Health, Recreation and Dance. Swimmers have to constantly produce propulsive force through interaction with water. The reaction to the drag caused by the motion of the body parts acts as propulsion on the body. Analysis of the underwater motion of the body parts is meaningful for more in-depth understanding of the biomechanics of swimming. Two major issues related to the underwater motion analysis in swimming are discussed in this paper: (1) the non-invasive methods to estimate the propulsive force produced by the hand-arm complex, and (2) the underwater camera calibration. In this context, studies on the propulsive force estimation based on motion analysis, and on underwater camera calibration were reviewed and summarized in this paper. Flexibility of the experimental simulation approach to the analysis of human airborne movements: body segment parameter estimation Kwon, Y.-H. (2000). In Y. Hong & D. Jones (Eds.), Proceedings of XVIII International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports (pp. 507-514), Hong Kong: Chinese University of Hong Kong. The experimental simulation approach to the analysis of human airborne movements provides athletes, coaches, and investigators with unique advantages. However, its potential is not fully utilized due to the complex simulation procedures and it is essential to simplify the simulation procedures to improve its flexibility and applicability. One area that needs improvement & simplification is the body segment parameter (BSP) estimation. In this paper, some recent findings on the effects of the method of BSP estimation on the experimental simulation of complex human airborne movements, and the applicability of selected BSP estimation methods in the experimental simulation of these movements are presented. Applicability of four localized-calibration methods in underwater motion analysis Kwon, Y.-H., & Lindley, S.L. (2000). In R.H. Sanders & Y. Hong (Eds.), Proceedings of XVIII International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports, Applied Program: Application of Biomechanical Study in Swimming (pp. 48-55), Hong Kong: Chinese University of Hong Kong. Four different localized-calibration methods were developed based on the DLT (direct linear transformation) algorithm in an effort to reduce the error due to refraction in underwater motion analysis. Their applicability in underwater motion analysis was assessed based on a simulated 3D calibration trial with 2 cameras and a hexahedral calibration frame. It was concluded from the analysis of the calibration results that (a) all methods substantially reduced the maximum reconstruction error and demonstrated the potential to minimize object space deformation, (b) localization methods based on overlapped control volumes/areas revealed superior performance than those based on distinct volumes/areas, and (c) the 2D DLT-based localization algorithm provided more accurate object space reconstruction than the 3D DLT-based algorithm.
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