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  1. 1

    Effect of caffeine ingestion on cycling performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis

    Wu, J., Xu, K., Yin, M., Ding, X., Wang, T., Zhang, Q., Wu, X., Xiao, N.
    Published in Frontiers in Nutrition (2026)
    Subjects: “…heart rate…”
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  2. 2

    The effects of live-high, train-low hyperoxic training on running and recovery heart rates in NCAA distance runners: A pilot study

    Nimmo, B, Torres, M, Johnson, E C. Subjects: “…heart rate…”
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  3. 3

    Correlation between pre-exercise hydration status and heart rate of female Division II collegiate distance runners during a training session

    Ferreras, D. E., Martinez, A. I., Billings, C. M., Pazdur, H. C., Barandino, A. H. A., Hernandez, R., Rodriguez, T., Hill, C. R., Karlinsky, A., Ng, J. Subjects: “…heart rate…”
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  4. 4

    Training strategies of world tour cyclists: Periodization and load distribution across a competitive season

    Mateo-March, M., Peña-González, I., Moya-Ramón, M., Javaloyes, A. “…., critical power (CP), functional threshold power (FTP)), volume (duration, distance, elevation gain), training load (Edwards' training impulse (eTRIMP), Training Stress Score (TSS), work in kJ), and power- and heart rate-based intensity distribution (low-intensity training (LIT), moderate-intensity training (MIT), high-intensity training (HIT)) were assessed. …”
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  5. 5

    Mitigating end-stage fatigue: Acute inhaled salmeterol preserves sprint power in simulated cycling

    Merlini, M., Staiano, W., Angius, L., Romagnoli, M., Schena, F., Dickinson, J., Marcora, S. “…Each trial involved: an initial 12-s sprint (fresh), a 1h race simulation (40%-95% peak power output) with heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) monitored, and a final 12-s sprint (fatigued). …”
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  6. 6

    Sleep quality impacts training responses and performance in elite swimmers

    Lundstrom, E. A., De Souza, M. J., Conklin, M. E., Williams, N. I.
    Published in European Journal of Sport Science (2025)
    “…In 26 elite male (n = 10) and female (n = 16) collegiate swimmers, we assessed sleep quality (sleep duration (hrs), sleep debt (hrs), slow-wave sleep (SWShrs and SWS%), rapid-eye movement (REMhrs and REM%)), training measures (strain (AU), average heart rate (HR) (ExHRavg) and maximum exercising HR (ExHRmax)), and swimming performance (200yd time trial swim) during heavy training, preceding championship competition. …”
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  7. 7

    Twenty-four-hour low energy availability induced by diet or exercise exhibits divergent influences on sleep and recovery indices among female and male cyclists

    Smith, E. S., Kuikman, M., Rusell, S., Gardiner, C. L., Halson, S. L., Stellingwerff, T., Harris, R., McKay, A. K. A., Burke, L. M. “…Purpose To examine the effects of 24-h manipulations in energy availability (EA), through altering energy intake (EI) or exercise energy expenditure (EEE), on sleep characteristics and nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV). Methods Twenty endurance athletes (10 females, 10 males) undertook five 24-h periods of EA manipulation, separated by 8 d, in a randomized Latin square design. …”
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  8. 8

    A comparative analysis between national-level and young professional road cyclists: A psychophysiological approach

    Pirlot, T., Baron, B., Scholler, V., Grappe, F., Pageaux, B., Groslambert, A. “…No significant differences were found for heart rate, respiratory frequency, or neural efficiency. …”
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  9. 9

    Using unsupervised machine learning to characterize recovery patterns in elite canoe-kayak athletes across the Olympic training year

    Foucaud, A., Durand, F., Meric, H. Subjects: “…heart rate…”
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  10. 10

    Effects of repeated cryostimulation exposures on sleep quality in swimmers during an intense training period

    Arc-Chagnaud, C., Dugué, B., Pla, R., Bouzigon, R., Bosquet, L., D-Day Consortium, Dupuy, O.
    Published in Experimental Physiology (2025)
    Subjects: “…heart rate variability…”
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  11. 11

    Persistent improvements in running economy with advanced footwear technology during prolonged running in trained male runners

    Madsen, L. L., Abel, K., Hansen, A. A., Christensen, P. M., Lønbro, S., Lundby, C., Gejl, K. D. “…RE, blood lactate concentration ([La-]b), heart rate (HR), and perceived exertion (Borg scale) were recorded throughout. …”
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  12. 12

    A moderate-intensity interval training block improves endurance performance in well-trained cyclists

    Mølmen, K. S., Odden, I., Sørensen, M. D., Rustaden, A. M., Hammarström, D., Hansen, J., Nygaard, H., Hamarsland, H., Rønnestad, B. R. “…During MIT intervals, rating of perceived exertion was 14.4 (0.3), corresponding to 66% (5%) of POVO2max, 85% (3%) of maximal heart rate, and 2.8 (1.1) mmol·L-1 [blood lactate]. …”
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  13. 13

    Optimising effort in capacity in triathlon

    Marica, A. V., Dreve, A. A., Ionescu, V., Stoica, M. “…Alexandru Partheniu" of UNEFS, we used AEROSCAN technology to assess exercise capacity, measuring heart and breathing rates with the Bruce Protocol for precise physiological monitoring. …”
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  14. 14

    Physiological responses to full and segmented duet routines in elite artistic swimmers

    Iglesias, X., Rodríguez-Zamora, L., Carrasco-Marginet, M., Irurtia, A., Rodríguez, F. A., Fernández-Jarillo, I., Chaverri, D.
    Published in PLOS ONE (2025)
    Subjects: “…heart rate…”
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  15. 15

    Substrate oxidation does not influence middle distance running performance: a randomized controlled crossover trial

    Buga, A., Buxton, J. D., Plank, E., Minor, J. D., Sterrett, M. T., Brooks, C. A., Niemann, T. R., Troxel, M. P., Bryarly, A., Furry, Z., Hannon, C., Muench, J., Stone, D., D`Agostino, D. P., Volek, J. S., Koutnik, A. P., Prins, P. J.
    Published in Nutrients (2025)
    Subjects: “…heart rate…”
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  16. 16

    Effect of different breathing frequencies with breath-holding on muscle activity and coordination during butterfly swimming in national-level female swimmers

    Yamakawa, K. K., Sengoku, Y., Takagi, H. Subjects: “…heart rate…”
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  17. 17

    Persisting elevation of total hemoglobin mass after altitude training in elite swimmers: a potential role of prolonged erythrocyte survival

    Carin, R., Faucher, C., Connes, P., Viard, V., Martin, M., Ducray, M., Pla, R., Merino, M., Gaston, A.-F., Lacroix, J., Doucende, G., Joly, P., Stauffer, E., Brugniaux, J. V., Verges, S., Brocherie, F., Pichon, A. P., Robach, P., Nader, E. “…American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology…”
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  18. 18

    Repeatability and validity of different methods to determine the anaerobic threshold through the maximal multistage test in male cyclists and triathletes

    Llodio, I., Yanci, J., Usandizaga, M., Larrea, A., Iturricastillo, A., Cámara, J., Granados, C. “…DmaxLE and workload associated with the 86% of the maximal heart rate showed the narrowest limits of agreement to estimate MLSSW closely followed by corrected AT73Pmax; Conclusions: AT73Pmax, using the correction equation and DmaxLE, stand out as powerful predictors of MLSSW among the variables analyzed in the present study in trained cyclists or triathletes. …”
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  19. 19

    Análise longitudinal do desempenho competitivo de duatletas medalhistas ao longo de uma temporada de 42 semanas (Longitudinal analysis of the competitive performance of medal-winning duathletes over a 42-week season)

    Tuono, A. T., Pinheiro, A. M., Gomes, A. C., Padovani, C. R., Borin, J. P. “…The following were analyzed total and partial time (hh:mm:ss), average speed (km/h), pace (mm:ss), body mass (kg), body fat (%), vertical jump (watts and cm), heart rate (bpm), lactate (mmol-L-1) in addition to geographic and climatic conditions. …”
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  20. 20

    Detection of activated perforasome patterns and the correlation with acute internal load parameters during and following incremental cycling

    Masur, L., Willenbockel, H. F., Cordes, T., Sperlich, B., Düking, P. Subjects: “…heart rate…”
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