Purpose: To investigate how resistance training (RT) in a regular training program affects neuromuscular fatigue (NMF) and gross efficiency (EGROSS) in elite rowers. Methods: Twenty-six elite male rowers performed 4 RT sessions within 10 days. At baseline and after the first and fourth RT, EGROSS and NMF were established. From breathing gas, EGROSS was determined during submaximal rowing tests. Using a countermovement jump test, NMF was assessed by jump height, flight time, flight-to-contraction-time ratio, peak power, and time to peak power. Muscle soreness was assessed using a 10-cm-long visual analog scale. Results: No significant differences were found for EGROSS (P = .565, Omega hoch 2 = .032). Muscle soreness (P = .00, Omega hoch 2 = .500) and time to peak power (P = .08, Omega hoch 2 = 0.238) were higher compared with baseline at all test moments. Flight-to-contraction-time ratio, jump height, and peak power after the fourth RT differed from baseline (P < .05, Omega hoch 2 = .36, Omega hoch 2 = .38, and Omega hoch 2 = .31) and from results obtained after the first RT (P < .05, Omega hoch 2 = .36, Omega hoch 2 = .47, and Omega hoch 2 = .22). Conclusions: RT in general does not influence EGROSS, but large individual differences (4.1%-14.8%) were observed. NMF is affected by RT, particularly after multiple sessions. During periods of intensified RT, imposed external load for low-intensity endurance training need not be altered, but rowers are recommended to abstain from intensive endurance training. Individual monitoring is strongly recommended.
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