As athletes strive to improve their performance, they invariably increase the frequency, volume and intensity of training. In doing so, they invariably experience fatigue. This fatigue ranges from short-term "normal" fatigue when recovery is achieved within hours or days, to longer-lasting "abnormal" fatigue where recovery is prolonged [29]. This latter aspect of recovery can be divided into a number of distinct duration phases, that include functional overreaching (FOR), non-functional overreaching (NFOR) and the overtraining syndrome (OTS) [30]. Recovery accompanying the FOR state typically occurs within two weeks, is a vital part of training and often utilized by athletes during a typical training cycle prior to a period of recovery. It is further hypothesized that FOR stimulates a super-compensation effect and, as a result, increases performance to a level higher than previously attained [7].
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