Historically, female athletes only compete against other female athletes, males against males. Over the last few decades, this concept and definition of female and male in athletics has been a hotly-discussed topic. This is especially so at the highest level of international track and field, where the quest to eliminate cheaters who consume illicit performance enhancing drugs is a top priority. As technology has improved, there is a greater ability to determine what substances give an unfair competitive advantage and detect when those banned substances are present in an athlete. The understanding of human biology has also developed exceedingly. While this growth in understanding has been immensely beneficial to general human existence, these same development seem to be taking a toll on female athletes who are intersex or hyperandrogenic.
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