The effects of time pressure and numerical unbalance on football players` interpersonal coordination and movement uncertainty
The study compared interpersonal coordination (vector-coding technique) and movement uncertainty (Shannon Entropy) on the longitudinal and lateral axes during offensive and defensive phases among football small-sided games with (TP) and without time pressure (noTP), in numerical equality (NE) and numerical superiority (NS). Forty under-17 football players participated in the study. Positional data were obtained through GPS devices. Data between the conditions were compared using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) for interpersonal coordination and the Kruskal-Wallis test for entropy measures. Results showed higher in-phase time on the x-axis during defensive phases in TP+NE vs. noTP+NE (p = 0.037) and on the y-axis during offensive phases in TP+NE (p = 0.031) and noTP+NS (p = 0.023) vs. noTP+NE. Additionally, higher y-axis entropy in the defensive phase was observed in noTP+NE vs. TP+NE (p = 0.047). A higher entropy in the y-axis during the defensive phase was found in noPT+NE (p = 0.038) compared to other conditions. In conclusion, the presence of time pressure rules increased the percentage of time in the in-phase pattern on the y-axis during the offensive phase and on the x-axis during the defensive phase. Protocols without time pressure generated higher entropy values in the defensive phase.
© Copyright 2025 International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport. Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved.
| Subjects: | |
|---|---|
| Notations: | sport games social sciences junior sports |
| Tagging: | Kleinfeld |
| Published in: | International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2025
|
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2024.2408975 |
| Volume: | 25 |
| Issue: | 2 |
| Pages: | 271-289 |
| Document types: | article |
| Level: | advanced |