Real-time hand tracking and collision detection for immersive mixed-reality boxing training on Apple Vision Pro
This study presents a real-time hand tracking and collision detection system for immersive mixed-reality boxing training on Apple Vision Pro (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA, USA). Leveraging the device`s advanced spatial computing capabilities, this research addresses the limitations of traditional fitness applications that lack precision for technique-based sports like boxing with visual-only hand tracking. The system is designed to provide objective feedback by recognizing boxing-specific gestures with sub-centimeter accuracy and validating biomechanical correctness during punch execution. A three-stage pipeline consisting of geometric filtering, biomechanical validation, and punch technique assessment rejects accidental or improper motions. Experimental evaluation involving 12 participants demonstrated a gesture recognition accuracy of 96.3% and a technique validation accuracy of 88.5%. The system consistently operated at 60 FPS with low latency and high robustness across diverse lighting conditions. These results indicate the potential of Apple Vision Pro as a platform for precision sports training and highlight the educational impact of mixed reality in democratizing access to high-quality boxing instruction. The proposed framework is extensible to other skill-based sports requiring fine motor control and real-time feedback.
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| Subjects: | |
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| Notations: | combat sports technical and natural sciences |
| Tagging: | virtuelle Realität virtuell |
| Published in: | Sensors |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2025
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/s25164943 |
| Volume: | 25 |
| Issue: | 16 |
| Pages: | 4943 |
| Document types: | article |
| Level: | advanced |