A significant amount of the training loads increases the risk of injury during the athletic training for the athletes. The physicians note a significant increase of the knee joints injures of the athletes associated with the injuries of the meniscus. The article research of the authors is aimed at determining possible features of the histological structure of the injured meniscus of the knee joints of the athletes practicing different kinds of sports (game-oriented sports and martial arts). Therefore in this study, the biopsy materials were examined during the arthroscopic intervention. It was revealed that meniscus of the knee joints of the athletes practicing martial arts are more susceptible to structural histological changes at the level of the posterior horn. The prevalence of isogenic groups of chondrocytes with a minimal number of individual and hypertrophied chondrocytes is revealed. Histological features of the structure of damaged meniscus of the athletes practicing game-oriented sports are characterized by an increase in the number of the individual chondrocytes with a minimal amount of isogenic groups of the chondrocytes at the level of the anterior horn of the meniscus. The revealed histological features of the damaged meniscus of the professional athletes can be successfully used in the process of rehabilitation selecting the chondroprotective therapy and special exercises that help to strengthen the damaged parts of the ligament apparatus of the knee joints of the athletes.
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