Purpose This study investigated the feasibility of implementing principles of individualized training processes or highly proficient road racers. Material and methods The study involved 26 road racers, classifield as international master of sports, aged between 19 and 26 years. Assessments were conducted during the competitive phase of the yearly training regimen. A comprehensive methodology was employed to valuate functional fitness. Levels, encompassing the registration of key parameters related to gas exchange, external respiration, blood, and cardiovascular performance across varying exertion levels. In the process of testing athletes, the changes in the indices of ventilatory and gas exchange components of reactions of the respiratory and circulatory system functional manifestations in response to the given testing loads were examined. Instrumental methods of research - chronometry, ergometry, spirometry, gas analysis, pulsometry, methods of mathematical statistics - were used to determine the athletes` body response to their impact. Results A high level of functional fitness is achieved by different combinations of the presented factors of its structure. The same high level of functional fitness in a skilled cyclist is provided by different combinations of functional fitness structural factors in each individual case. All pulsometric criteria are actually based on a clear interaction between pulse and oxygen consumption. The pulse range in the process of sports activity is divided as follows: 1) the recovery or "non-training" zone; 2) the "aerobic load" zone; 3) the "aerobic-anaerobic transition" zone; 4) the "aerobic- anaerobic load" zone; and 5) the "anaerobic load activation" zone. However, individual differences in pulse, which correspond to different energy criteria, are very large in highly skilled cyclists. Conclusions Our data indicate the existence of significant individual differences in the structure of functional fitness and the various opportunities to achieve the maximum effect in the development of the system of work capacity energy supply. The results of the research allow specifying the possibilities of differentiating the training loads by intensity zones and methods of their measurement by pulse indicator criteria. This permits to approach the development of an individualization method for the practical application of the specified zones of load intensity by widely available parameters of radiotelemetric pulse measurement.
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